How did the biomechanics and ergonomics of the human hand influence the use and production of Palaeolithic stone tools? Traditionally, stone tools have been analyzed for their morphological properties and technological characteristics to infer the cognitive and social evolution of early hominins and modern humans. However, the role of musculoskeletal aspects in the effective use of these tools has been largely overlooked, resulting in an incomplete understanding of Palaeolithic technologies. This project, PALEOERGO, aims to fill this gap by investigating the ergonomic relationship between the human hand and stone tools through an innovative scientific approach. This multidisciplinary project will provide a biomechanically grounded baseline for understanding the design and use of Lower Palaeolithic stone tools. The project will involve expert flintknappers and tool users in controlled experiments to replicate Palaeolithic activities such as butchery and Acheulean handaxe making. These tasks represent some of the most widely evidenced stone tool activities seen during the Pleistocene. The ergonomic and biomechanical aspects of tool use will be assessed using a combination of advanced imaging techniques, muscle activity measurements, and stress evaluations, combining expertise from the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and the Department of Radiology at the University of Cambridge. Emphasizing inclusivity, the project will include both male and female participants to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the ergonomic aspects of tool use, addressing historical biases in archaeological studies and acknowledging the role of women in prehistoric societies. The project's innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary approach promise significant insights into the evolution of human manual behaviour and tool-making strategies.